Bering-uClibc 4.x - User Guide - IPv4 Networking - Configure Dnsmasq
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Contents
Objectives
dnsmasq is a lightweight, easy to configure DNS forwarder and DHCP server. It is designed to provide DNS and optionally, DHCP, to a small network. It can serve the names of local machines which are not in the global DNS. The DHCP server integrates with the DNS server and allows machines with DHCP-allocated addresses to appear in the DNS with names configured either in each host or in a central configuration file.
dnsmasq supports static and dynamic DHCP leases and BOOTP for network booting of diskless machines.
An almost complete feature list can be found on the author's page.
The configuration documentation is contained in the configuration file /etc/dnsmasq.conf.
Here you'll find a few hints how to get a basic configuration of dnsmasq done. It is advised that you read the configuration file carefully, to get most out this application.
Configure dnsmasq dns forwarder
dnsmasq works with various sources to provide resolving domain names on your local network. It is capable of using /etc/hosts, /etc/resolv.conf, additional resolv.conf files created by other applications like ppp, acting as secondary DNS in addition to primary DNS and is well integrated with the dhcpd part of dnsmasq.
Again we advise you to read the configuration file carefully, to understand how dnsmasq integrates into your network. We will describe a few standard settings for a basic LEAF image setup.
The first decision you have to make, is whether you like to use your own resolv.conf, or one created by an another application (see below ).
# Change this line if you want dns to get its upstream servers from # somewhere other that /etc/resolv.conf #resolv-file=
In case you use your own /etc/resolv.conf, leave this as is.
If you want dnsmasq to resolve your local and private domain as well (either from /etc/hosts or dhcp) set your domain as local
# Add local-only domains here, queries in these domains are answered # from /etc/hosts or DHCP only. local=/private.network/
Next choose the interface(s) dnsmasq should listen - the one connected your LAN. In a simple LEAF setup it is usually eth1.
# If you want dnsmasq to listen for requests only on specified interfaces # (and the loopback) give the name of the interface (eg eth0) here. # Repeat the line for more than one interface. interface=eth1
If you have more than one interface connected to local LAN's you may define the interface not to listen on - the interface to the Internet:
# Or you can specify which interface _not_ to listen on except-interface=eth0
At last you should configure to expand hostnames in your LAN and your domain:
# Set this (and domain: see below) if you want to have a domain # automatically added to simple names in a hosts-file. expand-hosts # Set the domain for dnsmasq. this is optional, but if it is set, it # does the following things. # 1) Allows DHCP hosts to have fully qualified domain names, as long # as the domain part matches this setting. # 2) Sets the "domain" DHCP option thereby potentially setting the # domain of all systems configured by DHCP # 3) Provides the domain part for "expand-hosts" domain=private.network
For debugging purposes you can enable "log-queries" at the end of dnsmasq.conf.
This will log every DNS query and reply in /var/log/syslog.
Now you're nearly done with a default setup. Read on in one of the following sections best describing your Internet connection.
Using dnsmasq with ppp/pppoe
pppd (and so pppoe) is capable to receive the upstream nameservers from your provider during connect and store them in /etc/ppp/resolv.conf.
To enable that feature you have to set the option usepeerdns either in /etc/ppp/peers/dsl-provider or /etc/ppp/options.
Next you have to change/enable dnsmasq to use that resolv.conf (probably additionally to /etc/hosts).
Edit /etc/dnsmasq.conf and set the resolv-file:
# Change this line if you want dns to get its upstream servers from # somewhere other that /etc/resolv.conf resolv-file=/etc/ppp/resolv.conf
Using dnsmasq with dhcpcd
Package dhcpcd.lrp (DHCP Client Daemon) is the default DHCP client for Bering-uClibc 4.x.
dhcpd gets upstream DNS servers while connecting to your ISP and stores them in /etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf.
Edit /etc/dnsmasq.conf file and point to the /etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf file.
# Change this line if you want dns to get its upstream servers from # somewhere other that /etc/resolv.conf resolv-file=/etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf
Note: Save your configuration before you reboot.
Using dnsmasq with static ip
Edit /etc/resolv.conf and add the upstream DNS servers. There is no extra configuration needed for dnsmasq.
Note: Save your configuration before you reboot.
Using dnsmasq with pump
Package pump.lrp is an optional replacement for dhcpcd.lrp. If you have selected pump in place of dhcpcd by editing leaf.cfg then you will need to configure pump to operate with dnsmasq.
Remove "nodns" in pump.conf to let pump update/overwrite /etc/resolv.conf.
Note that this overwrites the default /etc/resolv.conf which normally references dnsmasq itself.
Other applications running on the router machine will directly contact the upstream DNS server rather than using dnsmasq to cache/forward requests.
Note: Save your configuration before you reboot.
Using dnsmasq as dhcpd server
dnsmasq provides an integrated IPv4 DHCP server for your local network. At least two steps are required to enable the dhcp daemon and make it available to your LAN.
Configure dnsmasq dhcpd
The integrated DHCP server dhcpd is disabled by default.
To enable it supply the range of addresses available for lease, and optionally a lease time:
# Uncomment this to enable the integrated DHCP server, you need # to supply the range of addresses available for lease and optionally # a lease time. If you have more than one network, you will need to # repeat this for each network on which you want to supply DHCP # service. dhcp-range=192.168.1.1,192.168.1.199,12h
Add one additional lines for each subnet if you have more than one.
These dhcp-range lines must be specified to switch on DHCP for a subnet even if you decide that fixed IP addresses should be allocated for all hosts using that subnet. (Add ",static" to the dhcp-range line to prevent addresses being dynamically allocated in such cases.)
Additionally dnsmasq supports various methods setting fixed IP addresses in your LAN, e.g. by name, MAC address etc. - please have a look for examples in dnsmasq.conf.
The dnsmasq integrated DHCP server also supports sending options to the hosts asking for a lease as described in RFC2132. For the common settings (subnet mask, default router, DNS server and broadcast address) dnsmasq sets sane defaults.
Adjust your firewall settings
Configure shorewall for dhcpd
You need to open UDP ports 67 and 68 on your LEAF Bering-uClibc router for your LAN to get access to your dnsmasq dhcpd server.
Specify the dhcp option on each interface to be served by your dhcpd server in the /etc/shorewall/interfaces file. This will generate rules that will allow DHCP traffic to and from your firewall system.
See example below for eth1; this allows dhcpd requests from the local net on eth1 to the router (and is included in the default configuration):
#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS loc eth1 detect dhcp
Configure shorewall for DNS
The default setup supports DNS requests from the LAN to the router out of the box. In case you want to disable it or enable an additional interface (like WLAN), it is set in <code="filename">/etc/shorewall/rules</code>. The example below allows the router to serve DNS requests to clients located in a custom WLAN zone.
DNS(ACCEPT) wlan fw
Advanced configuration
Other sections of this User Guide cover configuring some more advanced features of dnsmasq:
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